Men’s 100% Thai Silk Boxer Shorts- Pale Pink Oriental Dragon Design (SIZE X-LARGE 34-36) $12.95 These are the very popular Men’s 100% Thai Silk Boxer’s available only at fine stores and at prices starting from about $50 a pair. These are handmade from Thailand. NOT FACTORY MADE REPLICAS!!! People come from all over the world to shop on the streets of Bangkok and find genuine articles like this. Unique, stylish and ornate artwork (on design styles) and 100% silk material. These shorts ar…

Men’s 100% Thai Silk Boxer Shorts- Forest Green Oriental Dragon Design (SIZE XXL 38-40) $14.95 These are the very popular Men’s 100% Thai Silk Boxer’s available only at fine stores and at prices starting from about $50 a pair. These are handmade from Thailand. NOT FACTORY MADE REPLICAS!!! People come from all over the world to shop on the streets of Bangkok and find genuine articles like this. Unique, stylish and ornate artwork (on design styles) and 100% silk material. These shorts ar…

Men’s 100% Thai Silk Boxer Shorts- Deepest Blue with Oriental Dragon Design (SIZE MEDIUM 26-28) $12.95 These are the very popular Men’s 100% Thai Silk Boxer’s available only at fine stores and at prices starting from about $50 a pair. These are handmade from Thailand. NOT FACTORY MADE REPLICAS!!! People come from all over the world to shop on the streets of Bangkok and find genuine articles like this. Unique, stylish and ornate artwork (on design styles) and 100% silk material. These shorts ar…

Make Your Own Japanese Clothes: Patterns and Ideas for Modern Wear $14.99 Classical elegance. Loose-fitting comfort. Versatility. Functional design. These are just some of the reasons why traditional Japanese clothes have captured the imagination of modern fashion designers and stylish dressers around the world.Making Japanese clothes is surprisingly simple. Patterns consist of virtually all straight lines, and the non-body-conforming shapes require no darts, buttonhole…

Chinese Apparel / Chinese Clothing / Chinese Gifts: Embroidered Chinese Wallet $18.00 Embroidered Chinese Wallet: Embroidered Chinese Wallet: This unique Chinese wallet has compartments for your Id, credit cards, and dollar bills. Needlework, with a traditional Chinese image is displayed in the center of the wallet. 100% hand made. This unique and unusual wallet is made by the artisans in the ethnic minority settlements of China’s remote southwestern provinces. The needlework with …

Album 14510 – Embroidery Sarees

Lyle and Scott, Fashion and Casual Clothes for Men

If the idea of purchasing branded men’s clothes with not so worthy expensive price tags doesn’t really clicks you, try stylish and fashion oriented clothing for men from Lyle and Scott. The store is a leading knitwear brand of Britain that focuses upon men’s fashion clothing and apparels. Apart from a wide range of collections of clothing and apparels, Lyle and Scott jumpers remain the most favorite ones amongst men of all ages.

The store has a wide variety of men’s clothing collections that includes of vintage collection, heritage collection, club collection and golf collection. Jumpers, Shirts and Polo T-Shirts that are manufactured there focus on unique collections that showcase latest fashion trends in clothing items. Jumpers from Lyle and Scott follow various types of styles and designs. Some of the common ones include of grey marl jumper, zip through red jumper, shawl neck navy jumper, crew neck black jumper, full zip hooded jumper, and shawl collar jumper, etc.

Size is no bar, as these jumpers are available in small, medium, large, X large, XX large sizes. Men can choose from different shades of colours including black, shades of grey, red, and plain coloured jumpers that look stunning when worn with denims or casual trousers. Lyle and Scott work towards keeping customer satisfaction as their utmost priority, and thus their products are made from superior quality raw materials.

Materials, through which these jumpers are made from, are either pure lamb’s wool or soft and washable cotton. Why lamb’s wool is used because it is soft, slippery and very warm so that in times of extreme cold weather conditions these can keep the bodies warm and away from catching cold. However, pure cottons are used for beating the heat of sun, while keeping people cool. So, experiment with Lyle and Scott’s stylish range of necklines that range from crew necks and shawl collar necks to zip hooded and v necks. Flaunt your personality while looking smart and dashing.

Choose a Jumper as per your Neckline

For men with broad structures, wearing shawl collar neck jumpers will do wonder to their personality, while those who have long necks can try wearing a simple v-shaped neck jumper. The v-shape of a jumper will accentuate the look of a neck, while making it look shorter.

The hip zip through or full zip through jumpers are usually meant to suit men of all ages. Some are hooded, while others come without them, but no matter what, Lyle and Scott Jumpers simply look smart and elegant and can be worn with knee-length shorts.

About the Author

Buy Online Lyle and Scott Polo shirts from AShopCalledWood.com. We provide an extensive range of Lyle and Scott Jumpers, Oxford Shirt, Knitted Polo, Sweater, Plaid Chino, Sailing jacket, Shell hooded jacket and many more accessories.

reuseable acrylic COLORFUL clothes pin chop sticks Translucent Clothespin Chopsticks (set of 6 pairs) EASY TO USE $18.99 Love Asian cuisine but fumble when it comes to handling chopsticks? This clever set lets you handle your food with ease while adding a fun and unique twist. These clothespin shaped chopsticks operate with a simple squeeze. Best of all, this set comes with SIX colorful sets–perfect for the whole family. Colors include: Clear Yellow Pink Orange Purple Blue Made of hard, durable plastic. C…

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Wallmonkeys Peel and Stick Wall Decals – Hanbok – Korean Traditional Clothes – Removable Graphic WallMonkeys wall graphics are printed on the highest quality re-positionable, self-adhesive fabric paper. Each order is printed in-house and on-demand. WallMonkeys uses premium materials & state-of-the-art production technologies. Our white fabric material is superior to vinyl decals. You can literally see and feel the difference. Our wall graphics apply in minutes and won’t damage your paint or l…

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City Hunter $45.43 Gripping all the way till the end. Perfect combination of action and heart. – Dramabeans Based on a famous Japanese comic, CITY HUNTER is a Korean TV drama thriller starring Lee Min-Ho (Boys Over Flowers) and Park Min-Young (Sungkyunkwan Scandal) that follows a trail of revenge and romance all the way to the presidential Blue House. In 1983, South Korea sent an undercover military unit to N…

traditional korean clothes : 한복(hanbok)

5 Tell-Tale Signs The Korean Fashion Piece You Bought Online Is A Knock-Off

With the rise in popularity of Japanese Korean dramas in recent years, the spillover effect of such popularity to Japanese and Korean fashion is evident. As the Japan Korean peninsulas are two big powerhouse of Asian fashion, the latter is usually represented by these two styles. In fact, Japanese fashion was the first wave of craze and it is evidently dwindling and being replaced by Korean fashion.

Women’s fashion is a lucrative business. With Korean fashion gaining popularity, knock-off manufacturers want a share of the Korean pie too. Especially since such pieces do not come cheap in an effort to compensate Korean designers for their originality in designing Korean clothes.

When buying Korean Clothing, watch out for these tell-tale signs the clothes you bought is a knock-off.

#1 – Non Koreans modeling Korean fashion pieces
Clothing sold online have to be modeled as that is they only way you can see and buy them. If the clothes are modeled by Chinese model, you should be aware that the source of origin of their clothing is most probably from China/Taiwan or Hong Kong and most of these designs are knock-offs. From experience (I do shop online a lot and from everywhere), the clothing I’ve received from these places are usually made from low grade material or poor workmanship and most of the time they look nowhere near the pretty pictures.

#2 – When your clothes arrive wet or comes with a weird smell
When your highly-anticipated fashion pieces reach you in wet condition or comes with a weird smell, your gut feeling is probably right – you have just got yourself something from a knock-off sweat shop. Most of these shops are only concerned with quantity so it is not surprising that some pieces might be wet or has a weird smell (due to the sweat shop conditions) because they do not have the budget or need for ‘quality control’.

#3 – Printing errors on the clothing designs, clothing label or clothing tag
If there are spelling errors, it is highly likely to be a knock-off as they do not have the budget for ‘quality control’ and most of the time, the manufacturers may not even know what they are printing hence they are unable to spot the error.

#4 – Buying Korean fashion pieces from website ending with ‘.cn’
If you are based outside of Korea or do not know the language, it can be a daunting task to purchase Korean fashion online as most Korean websites are in Korean. However, with the rise of internet and online shopping, there are lots of websites in English that sells Korean fashion. If the website ends with a ‘.cn’, it is highly likely that the piece you bought is a knock-off.

#5 – Look at the price and think rational
If the prices seem too good to be true, then most likely it is the case. Knock-offs compete with the real stuff by the price. Since the quality can’t be better, the sole advantage they have is in pricing as their cost of production is lower. Do not hold your expectations too high if you are prepared to buy knock-offs though, since it is a fraction of the price, the quality will be discounted too.

About the Author

Want to find out more about Korean Clothing and how different they are from other types of fashion? Visit the author’s Korean Fashion Blog at http://korean-fashion.org.

Born and raised in post-war Korea, Park Cho Hee grew up surrounded by pop Korean. She developed a keen interest in Korean fashion when migrated to Singapore where Korean culture is gaining popularity due to Hallyu. She maintains a korean fashion blog where she pens her thoughts and observations.

I need KOREAN clothes supplier here in the Philippines?

I need KOREAN clothes supplier here in the Philippines?

well, try and find it yourself rather than being lazy and coming on yahoo answers to start off your business.

Orvieto $10.58 Chick Corea and Stefano Bollani, both stars of their instruments for their generations, combine their considerable talents for this first recorded collaboration, a document of a most spirited gig in Orvieto’s Teatro Mancinelli last December. Effervescent virtuosity abounds as the two piano genii romp through a program that includes Jobim and Buarque’s “Portrait in Black and White”, the swing balla…

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Chic Korea, Dave Weckl e Eric Marienthal

Wholesale style Fashion Online store,Korean Korea HongKong hk Japanese japan Fashion trendy collection garment clothing apparel wholesaler at cheap pr

If you want to start a business that will surely usher in huge profits for you, you can build your own clothing retail shop. There are some entrepreneurs who fear that they will not be able to get back the money that they have put in when they invest on fashion clothes. However, this is not the case when you know where to get the best deals. In order for you to make your business do well, there are a lot of things that you have to consider first. If you’re into selling fashion clothing, you have to look for a supplier that will be able to provide you with reliable and affordable deals.

When choosing from a long list of clothing suppliers, choose a company or manufacturer that sells wholesale fashion clothing. One such company is Asianfashion4u, which is a Hong Kong fashion clothing manufacturer. This supplier is your choice wholesale online shopping mall, allowing you to make your order through the Web. This is very convenient since you won’t have to leave your store in order for you to shop for new clothing supplies. Opting to buy from Asianfashion4u will provide you with several benefits.

The first benefit that you enjoy from procurement at Asianfashion4u is the chance to avail of its low prices. When you order fashion clothing wholesale, it will be given to you along with a cut-off price. This Hong Kong clothing wholesaler sells its items at an economic price, when you shop in bulk orders. Another advantage that Asianfashion4u offers is the utmost trendiest styles in the fashion industry. This is something that you can expect, despite the fact that Asianfashion4u sells its wholesale fashion clothing at lesser costs.

Asianfashion4u always puts the interests of its clients first. This is the reason why you get reliable yet, cheap ladies wholesale clothing. Not only this, it is possible for you to shop from this fashion wholesale company even if you are not managing your business in Asia. Asianfashion4u sells its apparel internationally. This means that you can buy its affordable clothes anywhere you are in the world. The wholesale buyers of this manufacturer usually come from the United Kingdom, United States, Singapore, and Thailand.

The apparel that Asianfashion4u.com provides is inspired by Japan & Korea Fashion Clothing. This implies that your clothing supplies wholesale are comprised of chic and trendy designs. You can choose from cute designs such as bubble-sleeved blouses and lace skirts. Or else, you can go for funky styles like off-shoulder blouses and checkered cotton socks. Asianfashion4u is also a sexy tank halter tops supplier, with styles taken from L.A. fashion and other top fashion districts.

There is no way that you can get designer clothes wholesale at affordable prices. Fashion clothing usually means expensive tags. But when you shop at Asianfashion4u, you will be able to supply your clothing retailer shop with designer and fashion apparel without sacrificing your profit. This could mean more customers and a higher profit margin for you.

About the Author

www.Asianfashion4u.com is a wholesale Korean Japanese hongkong fashion clothing online store located in Guangdong Province China who offer varieties of complete fashion items:wholesale fashion clothing,wholesale fashion handbags,wholesale shoes at cheap price with patient cutomer service. That is why asianfashion4u is one of top honor and trustworthy online store on the internet.
Asianfashion4u is one stop of complete Korea Japan hk Taiwan fashion online store specialized in ladies girls womans official cute lovely fashion blouse,tops,dress,jackets,t-shirt,sweaters,pants,jeans,t-shirts,handbags with thousands of style for clients choice at small minimum order quantity requests MOQ:5pcs with any style and color.Our site currency is in USD. For more info pls come to see www.asianfashion4u.com

What Color should I get the Corby Phone in???!!!?

Please help me I’m so torn about which color i’m in korea so I can get the energetic green, cupid pink, jamaican yellow, Chic Black , and Classic white… LoL I’m choosing between green and pink… I don’t know which one I should get… can you explain what you think i should think about when picking so Its easier for me to pick. Thank you!!

yellow, you don’t really see that many yellow phones. and besides, if it gets lost…it’ll be that much easier to find. “um, ma’am, what color is your phone?” “oh, you’ll know it’s mine, because it’s yellow”

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The Cave Of the Chinese Skeletons An exciting novel of espionage in the Orient, filled with pounding action and heart-stopping suspense. A desperate game of death…

Orient Men’s CEM65005D ‘Blue Mako’ Automatic Rubber Strap Dive Watch $90.58 This diver series is the most popular collection that Orient has to offer. A feature that makes this model into a professional diver watch is its water-resistance of up to 200 meters. This is perfect for you if you enjoy scuba diving on your vacations to Hawaii. You will notice that this watch combines the timeless design of the dial with the sporty look of the bezel to create a work of art. …

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Orient Men’s CFM00001S Power Reserve Semi-Skeleton Silver Automatic Watch $188.95 What fascinates me the most about this multi-eye sports watch is that the make of this model is motivated by Marcus Grönholm. As a former rally car driver, Marcus Grönholm would particularly enjoy the sporty design of this watch. Just notice how the slick design incorporates the ideals of athleticism in the field of watches. There is no doubt in my mind that this watch truly embodies those tr…

Orient Executive CFA05002B Automatic Watch

Introduction to the Deep Sea Environment

The Deep Sea Environment In this essay we shall discuss several aspects of the deep sea environment. The main focus will be on the environment below the Mesopelagic Zone that extends down to 2000 meters below sea level with an emphasis on the environment in the Bathypelagic and Abyssalpelagic Zones.

We will examine the sources of evidence for a discussion of this deep sea environment by looking at some of the techniques man uses to gather information there. This will be followed by a description of some of the determining conditions in these regions with a note on geology, sediments , a brief discussion of the deep water masses, a description of marine life to be found in the deep sea environment, its adaptations and challenges with a special note on hydrothermal vents (although at an average depth of 2100 meters they are just within our discussion zone), hydrocarbon seeps and a final conclusion about the overall importance of the deep sea environment for mankind.

Firstly, why study the deep sea environment at all ? The abyssal plains are dark and seem devoid of life or interest but nothing could be further from the truth. Abyssal areas represent over 90% of the benthos and over 80% of ocean lies below 3000 meters. New discoveries are being made and these could greatly influence our future.

The deep sea is a repository of scientific information and resources that can influence us in the fields of medicine, chemistry, physics, biology, feeding the world’s expanding population and conservation. The deep sea is in fact the largest ecosystem on Earth . Let us first examine the methods of evidence collection. The Collection of  Evidence There are many techniques and  devices that have been used to explore the depths and gather information ranging from the days of dropping lead weights (line sounding) over the side of ships, to echo sounding since World War I, to the invention of scuba gear (not useful at our depths under discussion), to the use of Geological Long Range Inclined Asdic (GLORIA). Sidescan sonar and continuos seismic surveying methods do give us a wealth of information.

In addition a range of simple devices give us information such as thermometers, water bottles and current meters for measuring the physical and chemical properties of the water, dredges, corers, heat probes and cameras for studying bottom sediments and bottom life. However, for centuries the only evidence we had of marine life in the deep sea was extremely scarce. The area we are discussing has rarely been visited. Diving using atmospheric suits (JIM) can only cope to around 450 meters currently. We need different equipment to explore the depths we are discussing. In 1964 Alvin made the first successful scientific deep sea manned submersible dive in behalf of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. Later updated versions have been able to dive to 6,000 meters.

Alvin was the first to discover hydrothermal vents and explore a small section of the mid oceanic ridge. We will return to this environment later. For depths below this we rely on remote operated vehicles or ROVs. Cutting edge research is being conducted using ROVs by Woods Hole OI and also Monterey bay Aquarium Research Institute.. Man has even visited the lowest point. In January 1960 Piccard and Walsh descended in the Trieste II ( a bathyscaphe) to the deepest known point on Earth, the Mariana Trench at 10,915 meters. Despite the overall paucity of evidence and the fact that the vast majority of the seabed remains to be explored we can discuss the deep water environment in a dynamic way.

New discoveries are being made frequently in this field. Let us now look at the geological basis of the deep sea environment. Geology The Ocean lithosphere is approximately 100 km thick ( therefore significantly thinner than the continental lithosphere) and this refers to the crust and the upper part of the mantle. The lithosphere is composed mainly of peridotite. The upper part of the lithosphere is the crust which is made up mainly of lighter granitic rock. The oceanic crust is thinner and denser than the continental crust and made up mainly of basaltic rock. The entire lithosphere (oceanic and continental) sits on top of the viscous lower layer called the asthenosphere which forms part of the upper mantle.

The lithosphere is composed of 7 major plates and 6 minor ones. New oceanic lithosphere , or at least the oceanic crust,  is formed at constructive plate boundaries. At sea floor spreading ridges the asthenosphere wells up and cools and forms the oceanic floor on either side of the boundary. The Mid Atlantic Ridge is a classical example of this. Destruction of the oceanic lithosphere occurs in the subduction zones. The subducted plate descends into the hot mantle and is destroyed as it melts. The coast of Japan offers an example of this. It should be noted that the environment is dynamic over geological time as the process of subduction destroys the ocean floor. As new ocean floor is formed it pushes the floor on either side away and this may eventually enter a subduction zone and be destroyed. It is possible to date the ocean crust as the plates move apart and spread over the abyssal plain as  they take on the polarity of the Earth’s magnetic field. This work was described by Matthews and Vine.

Also generally speaking the older the ocean crust the further away from the spreading ridges it will be. The denser material also sinks further away from the surface of the sea . Given the age/depth relation the age of the ocean crust can also be estimated. The main “landform”  features of the ocean basins are perhaps a Mid Ocean Ridge with an abyssal plain on either side of this ridge,  constructive plate margins or destructive plate margins with a deep ocean trench at the edges of the deep sea environment with pelagic sediments covering the floor. Naturally there are many variations to this pattern but this brings us to a consideration of sedimentation.

Sediments in the Deep Sea Environment In the true deep sea environment we are really only concerned with deep sea sediments. However, there are two main types of sediment, terragenous and bioclastic and less widespread types of sediment from volcanic and hydrothermal vent activity. Sediments can also be classified as pelagic or deep sea sediments. If we look at terragenous sediments first, these are the result of erosion from continental rocks. The material eroded is deposited on the continental shelves by run off or other physical actions and advances the continental shelf seawards by deposition of sediments. Submarine fans may form e.g. the giant Ganges Fan and currents eventually move sediments off the continental shelf and into the abyssal plain. Therefore this brief discussion of terragenous sediments is useful as they do eventually enter our discussion remit. The ocean shifts the coarser material in turbidity currents and there are occasional sudden movements e.g. 1929 Grand Banks in North America turbidity event. Bioclastic sediments are the result of biological activity and include the dead remains of pelagic plants and animals that have sunk. Pelagic bioclastic sediments are also called oozes and may be composed of calcareous or silaceous materials.

Calcareous ooze is composed of chalky remains of foraminifera and pteropods, and forms the deep ocean red clays. The silaceous material is derived from shells of radiolarians and diatoms and found mainly in tropical and polar seas. The distribution of ooze reflects primary production taking place near the surface. The thickness of the sediments also reflects the age of the ocean crust with thickness increasing as we move away from mid ocean ridges for example. Volcanic ash from eruptions can also travel large distances and end by being deposited on the ocean floor, thus contributing to sediments. Finally around hydrothermal events we have unique sediments with metalliferous muds. It should also be noted that sediments on the abyssal plains are not completely static as currents, earthquakes and tectonic activity can move them. An understanding of sediments in the deep sea environment is vital when we discuss life in this region. Deep Water Conditions Deep water is isolated from the effects of wind below the Ekman spirals which only influence down to 100 meters.

However, changes at the surface can result in the movement of deep water with changes in temperature, density and salinity. Cold, dense water sinks and moves very slowly along the depths of the ocean, requiring many hundreds of years to move through an ocean basin. There is no daily or seasonal variations effectively and this creates a very stable environment.

Below 3,000 meters the area is isothermal effectively except for areas around hydrothermal vents. The regions under discussion in this essay are mainly the Bathypelagic and Abyssalpelagic Zones so here the waters are dark, limited in nutrition, cold and at great pressure. For every 10m increase in depth pressure increases by one atmosphere so we are discussing pressures of 200 to 600 atmospheres or more in our region since the average depth of the deep sea is 4,000 meters and in some cases goes to 11.000 meters in the trenches. A consideration of deep water conditions will be a vital underpinning to our section of life in the deep water environment Life in the Deep Sea Environment Despite the apparent difficulties and challenges of life in the deep sea environment organisms have managed to exploit these regions.

We shall take a look at some of the main groups of inhabitants, some of the difficulties they face and finally some of the adaptations they have evolved to cope with life in the deep sea. Firstly we should discuss briefly the presence of microorganisms in the deep sea. In fact most organisms in the deep sea are microorganisms. These microbes are able to tolerate high pressure (barotolerant) and others actually depend on high pressure (barophilic). In the Mariana Trench there are extreme barophiles.

Most of these microbes are also psychrophilic  i.e. they like cold conditions. Bacteria at these levels have specially adapted enzymes and membranes. However, much research remains to be done in this area and results can sometimes be inconclusive or at least very surprising. For example in 1996 the Japanese submersible Kaiko scooped mud from the bottom of the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench and when the many thousands of organisms were examined none of them were barophilic, halophilic or acidophilic but surprisingly alkaliphiles and even thermophiles so we should be careful in making generalization in the hadal zone. However, other samples taken around the same time did result in the successful isolation some extreme barophiles related to the genera Shewanella, Moritella and Colwellia.

However, as we shall see not only microbes live in these zones. Animals of the deep sea environment The deep sea is home to most phyla of animals but changes in abundance of different animals with increasing depth. Research in the Kurile-Kamchatka shows that sponges are dominant down to 2000 meters but we are focussed on the deeper regions. Sea cucumbers are the commonest animals found below 4000 meters and polychete worms make up a large percentage of benthic or bottom dwelling animals. Sea cucumbers and seapigs (Holothuroidea) are often the most common animal in deep dredges. Seapigs have been caught at 10,000 meters deep in the Kermadec  Tench. These feed by ploughing the deep sea mud and digest bacteria and organics. Some can swim above the ooze though. Starfish have been found down to 7,000 meters . Brittle and basket stars (Ophiuroidea) are found. Small crustaceans such as amphipods and isopods, as well as molluscs (such as clams) and sea anemones have been found at great depths. There were relatively few crabs and fish found at these depths but this may have been more to do with the sampling methods used.

On the ocean bed deposit feeders predominate with sea cucumbers and worms at the deepest levels. There are in fact many species of smaller infaunal animal here. Some estimates reckon close to a million different species of benthic invertebrates in the deep sea sediments. This shows why our above consideration of sediments is so fundamental to a discussion of the deep ocean environment. However, the number of individuals animals decreases from the surface to the deep hadal trenches. We stated that there were relatively few crabs and fish found at great depth but they are represented.

Lets us take three species as examples. Firstly a fish that is often ignored because of its more spectacular rivals the –  Rattail Fish or Grenadier fish. This is termed benthopelagic or demersal because they swim just above the bottom. This relative of cod  is in fact the most common fish found in the abyssal depths. The deepest Rattail observed lives down to 6500 meters. These belong to the family Macrouidae and have large heads and tapering bodies and feed by both hunting and scavenging.  They are being fished commercially.

Secondly we have the Hatchet fish ( Argyropelecus olfersi ) They are camouflaged with silvery bodies, a flattened body for reduced silhouette and photophores that match the downwelling light so they are difficult to see. They search the waters above with their tubular eyes. We shall consider these adaptations in the next section. Thirdly we have the Lantern fish (Ceactoscopelus warmingii), which are about 5 to 15 centimeters long, have numerous photophores and migrate daily upwards to feed.  We have space here only to discuss a few of the many species in the deep sea environment.  Other species include sea urchins, crinoids, Tripod fish, gulper eels, sponges and seapens. Some are permanent dwellers in this environment such as deep sea cucumbers and others are visitors to our region such as the large Greenland shark ( Somniosus microcephalus) down to 2,200 meters and the six gilled Hexanchus down to 2,500 meters but all have some adaptations to cope with the deep sea environment.

These and other adaptations to life in the deep sea environment will now be discussed in more detail. Deep sea challenges to animals and their adaptations Lets us select five main categories to discuss as follows: adaptations to pressure, temperature, food availability, lack of light, and reproduction. Pressure and temperature Animals adapt to pressure in a variety of ways e.g. sperm whales have lungs that can compress to 1% of their normal volume, angler fish have reduced skeletons and other fish have reduced muscle mass. Sea cucumbers have bodies largely composed of water and others have proteins and enzymes adapted to work at pressure. Sharks have oily livers instead of swim bladders to cope with extremes of pressure. It is also difficult to produce calcium carbonate shells due to pressure and temperature issues. As pressure increases and temperature decreases calcium carbonate becomes soluble making it difficult for creatures to secrete shells. The depth when no calcium carbonate present is called the carbonate compensation depth of CCD.

Today the CCD in the Pacific ranges from 4,200 meters to 4,500 meters deep and in the Atlantic 5,000 meters deep. Many species have dispensed with shell formation below the carbonate compensation depth.  In these ways we see that there are physiological and chemical adaptations to cope with increased pressure. Secondly we have a brief discussion of temperature. The deep sea is largely isothermal with very stable temperatures prevailing that need few adaptations. Hydrothermal vents are an exception to this rule and we will discuss these in more detail later in the thesis.. Food availability As far as food availability is concerned there are many adaptations animals use to cope ranging from predatory and scavenging behavior, opportunistic feeding on whale carcasses to vertical migration strategies.

Let us look at these in more detail now: Basically food availability decreases with depth as does species diversity. The supply of food to the deep sea depends on primary production in the photic zone (except for hydrothermal vent areas). However, it has been estimated that just 2% of phytoplankton sink to the bottom as they are mainly consumed above or on the way down. Since food is relatively scarce the marine organisms have a number of ways of coping.

We can loosely categorize these as 1) Energy conservation adaptations e.g. slow movements, slow metabolisms, and some fish with relatively low muscle mass compared to fish in shallower seas. 2) Related to energy conservation some fish are ambush predators e.g. deep sea Angler fish, using bioluminescent lures. 3) Dwarfism and gigantism are methods of coping with food availability e.g. tiny nematode worms at one extreme and large amphipods (up to 28cm) at the other. 4) Physiological adaptations also include distended stomachs and hinged jaws in some species to cope with the rare chances of feeding e,g, angler fish and gulper eels but even bivalves in the deep ocean have been found to have longer guts to take full advantage of food availability. 5) Related to this opportunistic feeding but perhaps in a class of its own we have the animals adapted to feed on dead whales. These are very important and provide many year’s food supply to an area of the ocean floor in one moment. 43 species have been found on one whale carcass e.g. sharks, hagfish, bone eating zombie worms, snails, limpets, clams and anaerobic bacteria. Since there are many similarities with organisms found round hydrothermal vents these carcasses may have acted as stepping stones from vent to vent. 6) Deposit feeders. Since the deep sea floor is dominated by loosely compacted biogenic ooze it is dominated by deposit feeders like the deep sea cucumber (Scotoplanes).  Deposit feeders may make up to 80% of the species on the sea floor.  Most of the sea bed is covered in soft clays or mud like oozes made of skeletons on tiny sea animals and fecal material. The ooze in the abyss can reach several hundred meters thick. Some animals walking along the bottom have very long legs to avoid stirring the mud up e.g. deep sea spider. These are not true spiders but belong to the pycnogonids. Other species grow anchored to the sea bed and have long stems to keep feeding structures clear of the ooze. 7) Vertical migration. Some fish move upwards to feed and have replaced swim bladders with fatty deposits in order to cope with the vast differences in pressure.

The Rattail fish mentioned above is a good example of this travelling up to 1,700 meters upwards in a night to feed. This is just a brief cross section of the ways in which animals cope with limited food supplies. Lack of light Lack of light perhaps creates some of the most interesting adaptations. Eyes of fish in the deep sea tend to be generally larger than their counterparts above, although below 2000 meters eyes again grow smaller or are absent. Eyes contain a higher density of rods in the retina or tubular eyes are common e.g. hatchet fish. Where eyes are useless in the total darkness other methods have developed to sense the environment. Lateral lines are well developed to sense vibrations and antennae may also be used e.g. in hairy angler fish.

Bioluminescence is another adaption with 60 to 70% of deep water animals possessing this ability. Organs called photophores, sometimes using bacteria as a light source are found in many fish e.g. lantern fish. Simple photophores either produce light or retain light producing bacteria such as Vibrio or Photobacterium in a symbiotic relationship. Since bacteria produce light continuously the host animals develop ways to control emissions e.g. reflective layers, flaps and lenses. Squid have the most spectacular abilities in this area. Bioluminescence can be used as a lure for food or for defence. Areas of photophores in the angler fish are for lures. The hatchet fish uses light for camouflage and the squids for defense as a burst of unexpected light can distract an attacker.

Since the dominant sense in the deep sea is hearing  we should discuss this in a little more detail. Many invertebrates detect sound by cilia. Fish detect by sensory hairs in the otolith organ in the inner ear. Lateral line systems also enable fish to detect sound vibrations, movements of prey and fish in schools and changes in ocean currents. Animals around the hydrothermal vent systems may rely on this to avoid the vents themselves but we will return to a discussion of vents later. When we consider vision there are also a variety of systems in use. There are relatively simple systems such as eyespots e.g. polychete worms to the spherical lens systems of fish which allow them to have light perception beyond the capabilities of man as we have mentioned above.

Next we should consider the sense of orientation in marine animals. Several species can detect the pull of gravity with organs known as statocysts. In vertebrates the semicircular canal in the ear performs this function. Next we come to chemoreception covering the senses of taste and smell. The sense of smell (olfaction) is extremely well developed in sharks. and these do venture down into the regions we are discussing. Electroreception is another sense used by sharks and some other predatory fish who posses electrosensory organs. In sharks these are known as ampulla of Lorenzini.

Finally there is the sense of magnetoreception and magnetite crystals have been found in fish that may enable them to navigate over long distances. Much research remains to be done in this area it seems, particularly in relation to deep sea species. Reproduction Finally we have adaptations in reproduction in the deep sea with eggs with large yolks to combat lack of food, long lived species with slow sexual maturity may also help in this area. The relative difficulty of finding isolated mates may also have led to high degrees of hermaphroditic behavior. For example tripod fish have both male and female sex organs. The tripod is unusual in that male and female organs may reach maturity at the same time thus allowing the fish to fertilize its own eggs. Perhaps it is so sparsely distributed that one fish may not find a mate at the right time. The famous adaptation of the tiny parasitic male in angler fish is another adaptation to this isolation. The tiny male clamps onto the female and is even partially absorbed by her thus ensuring a source of fertilization at the right time.  Deep sea species tend to be slow growing, late maturing and low in reproductive capacity. Many deep water fish species live 30 years or more and the orange roughy can live up to 150 years. These are just some of the adaptations to the deep sea. If we look in more details at certain unique communities in the deep sea environment we can observe other adaptations A Note on Hydrothermal Vents and Hydrocarbon Seeps Hydrothermal vents systems are one such unique community. These have been of interest really since the Alvin discoveries in 1977 in the Galapagos Rift Zone.

Hydrothermal vent systems develop at depths of several kilometers in the oceans in mid ocean spreading centers where there is hot upwelling lava. Sea water percolates and is vented back at hot temperatures, full of minerals, as either warm seeps, black or white “smokers”. White smokers are only slightly cooler than black smokers and because they are rich in zinc have a white tinge. Animals here must have a unique set of adaptations. Since they are far from the photic zone the inhabitants rely on bacteria such as Beggiatoa  to produce food from chemosynthesis of caustic compounds such as hydrogen sulphide. These bacteria sometimes form mats near the vents and are in turn grazed upon by limpets and gastropod molluscs. Other communities of bacteria live in symbiosis with the giant tube worms ( Riftia pachyptila) for example. Riftia can grow up to 1.5. meters long and have unique adaptations to the deep sea environment in that they can carry both oxygen and hydrogen sulphide in their blood to supply the bacteria. The clams (Calyptogena magnifica ) near the vent systems have similar techniques.

So far scientists have discovered over 236 species around the vent systems. 223 of these were new to science and many of them endemic to vent systems. More vent systems have now been explored e.g. Hole to Hell and Hanging Gardens on the East Pacific Rise, the Snake Pit on the Mid Atlantic Ridge and the Rose Garden in the Galapagos Rift Zone. How these species developed and spread from system to system is a matter of interest and one theory suggests they may use whale carcasses as stepping stones.

There are also many theories about how life may have originated around these vents and in fact these areas may even have been where photosynthesis first developed as there is a faint haze around these vents.  There are animals here with extreme UV sensitivity such as huge shrimp with massive numbers of photoreceptors in their eyes.The vent systems are highly dynamic and unstable environments but they do support uniquely adapted communities of marine life which are an important part of the discussion the deep sea environment In addition to this perhaps we should also consider another unique deep sea environment namely Hydrocarbon seeps. These fall within our study as some of these steeps are more than 2000 meters down.

Marine hydrocarbon seeps are cold (as distinguished from hydrothermal vent activity ) and have two major sources, biogenic (bacterial production of gases) and petrogenic i.e. relates to subsurface petroleum reservoirs that leak to the surface. Some seep gasses arise from CH4 hydrate dissociation, a water ice that is stable at great depths and low temperatures.  Hydrocarbon seepage produces asphalt volcanism, brine pools, gas hydrates and authigenic carbonates. Hydrocarbon seepages are a feature in the Gulf of Mexico and we know from research done at the Chapopote site what minerals are involved. According to one study by the University of Texas communities of chemosynthetic fauna that depend on seeping oil and gas have been found at over 45 sites in the Gulf of Mexico so far down to the 2200 meters below sea level.

The dominant fauna consist of species within four groups: tube worms, seep mussels, epibenthic clams, and infaunal clams. The development of these communities is closely linked to the geological and geochemical processes of seepage. Temperatures varied between 5 and 9 degrees Celsius. The full consequences and importance of both hydrothermal vents and hydrocarbon seepages has perhaps not yet been sufficiently realized or fully researched but these are fascinating and vital parts of the deep sea environment. Conclusion We have briefly discussed the geology, sedimentation, water mass and life forms and their adaptations in the deep sea environment. Until relatively recently the relevance of this environment to man was little studied and perhaps not regarded as particularly relevant for the future of man on Earth. In this summary we should touch upon seven key areas we have selected that link the deep sea environment with man’s future.

The first topic regards biodiversity. Of the estimated 500,000 to 10 million species living in the deep sea, the majority are yet to be discovered. There could be no clearer illustration of the value of the world’s deep sea environments. Approximately 98% of the world’s species live in or just above the floor of the sea. ( This includes some areas strictly outside our remit ). Many of these species are related to seamounts for example. However, the unique environments harbor a breathtaking array of species with high rates of endemism. Each unsampled trench, vent and seep is a potential source of numerous undiscovered species. In addition two thirds of all known coral species live in waters that are deep, dark and cold, down to over 3000 meters deep, which belongs to our area under discussion. Some of these cold water corals are 5-8,000 years old or more and over 35 meters high. These and other habitat forming organisms provide protection from currents and predators, nurseries for young fish, and feeding, breeding and spawning areas for hundreds of thousands of species and therefore are a critical feature of the Earths biodiversity.

Secondly we should consider the feeding of the world’s ever expanding population. Commercially important deep water fish and crustacean populations found in the high seas include crabs, shrimp, cod, Pacific cod, orange roughy, armorhead, grenadier, Patagonian toothfish (also known as Chilean sea bass) , jacks, snappers, porgies, sharks, groupers, rockfish, Atka mackerel and sablefish.

Thirdly, we have the medical uses and implications of the deep sea environment. For example Gorgonian corals produce antibiotics. Compounds found in certain deep sea sponges are powerful immunouppressive and anti-cancer agents. In addition some corals contain the pain killing compounds known as pseudopterosians. Seafans contain high concentrations of posaglandins used to treat asthma and heart disease.

Our fourth point concerns energy and mineral resources. The deep sea environment harbors unexplored deposits of oil, gas, and many minerals. Seismic surveys have so far only detected a fraction of available reserves. A resource hungry world will need to exploit these reserves at some point in its future and the more we know about the deep sea environment the better we can use these reserves and hopefully lessen the impact.

Fifthly, we need to consider the relationship of the deep sea environment to our immediate environment. At first it appears there is little direct connection between the abyssal depths and our own world. However, according to one study at the University of Indiana deep sea hydrothermal vents may play an important part in regulating the temperature and chemical balance of the oceans. Before the discovery of hydrothermal vents scientists believed that the chemical balance of the oceans was determined primarily by run off from the continents. Now hydrothermal vent ( and hydrocarbon seep) influence is seen as important . In fact the university describes the hydrothermal circulation systems with wide ranging effects. Effects of pollution and  deep sea circulation systems are vital to an understanding of the Earth’s environment.

Sixthly, we  need to consider the purely scientific importance of the deep sea environments. It is a treasure house of untapped discovery and resource. For example ancient deep sea corals provide valuable records of climate conditions that may assist our understanding of global climate change. Studies of this environment are making contributions to almost every branch of science from climatology to the search for the origins of life itself and in fact the deep sea is often seen as an extreme environment comparable to conditions prevailing on other planets. Finally we will always be aware of the commercial attractions of the deep. These commercial considerations range from the exploitation of hydrocarbon reserves, mineral reserves, deep sea fishing to  the deep sea communities, particularly of corals and sponges which are untapped sources of natural products with enormous potential as pharmaceuticals (mentioned above) enzymes, pesticides and cosmetics. By harvesting the deep sea environment responsibly we can contribute to a more balanced and prosperous world but by overexploiting we can cause global chaos. For all these reasons an understanding of the deep sea environment is pivotal to mankind’s future.

Dr Simon Harding

www.biblon.com

Sources Deep Sea Conservation Coalition

Indiana University studies on hydrothermal circulation Texas University studies on hydrocarbon seeps

Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute

New Scientist

About the Author

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Winter Festivals in Korea Part1. December

December Festivals (2010)

December in Korea means Christmas, cold weather (cute hats and accessories), and last but not least—plenty of winter festivals. Among the December festivals, there are winter events celebrating everything from international design to fruit. As the festival-packed month comes to an end and the year draws to a close, people gather at sunrise festival locations across the nation to welcome in the first sunrise of 2011.

Seoul Design Festival

When: December 8~12, 2010 
Where: Hall C, COEX, Samseong-dong, Seoul 
Since its inception in 2002, the Seoul Design Festival has been widely attended by well-known designers from both home and aboard and has served as a showcase for promising new artists. This year’s festival theme is the “Thank U Project.” Works of art focus on designers’ thankful hearts and reflect their ideas on how to make the world a better, healthier, happier place. Designs are divided into the categories Donation, Ecology, Smile,Imagination, Global, and Neighbor (which spell out the word “DESIGN”). For those interested in Korea’s modern art scene (and art in general) this is a must-visit festival!

Yeongdong Dried Persimmon Festival

When: December 17~19, 2010 
Where: Nangye Hall of Korean Classical Music & Youth Training Center, Yeongdong-eup, Yeongdong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do Province
Yeongdong is affectionately called the ‘Holy Land of Fruit’ since it is the biggest fruit producer in Korea. Each year during the festival, to celebrate this unique town and its agriculture heritage, local produce including persimmons, pyogo mushrooms, walnuts and chestnuts are on sale at 10% off wholesale prices. In addition to the local produce market, there are a variety of interactive experience programs such as “making persimmon jam” or “peeling and slicing persimmons.”

Boseong Tea Fields Festival of Lights

When: December 17~February 6, 2011
Where: Boseong Tea Fields, Hoecheon-myeon, Boseong-gun, Jeollanam-do Province
The magical allure of the Boseong Green Tea Fields grows tenfold this winter, when Christmas light displays cast a cheery glow over the expansive tea fields. Christmas lights and an enormous Christmas tree as well as a number of themed exhibits (the Love Galaxy Light Tunnel, Green Tea Themed Street, etc.) bring a whole new meaning to the words “Christmas decorations.”

Ganjeolgot New Year Festival

When: December 31~January 1, 2011
Where: Ganjeolgot Lighthouse, Daesong-ri, Seosaeng-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 
Ganjeolgot is one of the seaside locations where people all across the nation gather to celebrate the New Year and watch the first sunrise of the New Year. This New Year’s Sunrise Festival includes interactive events such as stargazing programs and mosaic making. Visitors can also learn about the Ganjeolgot Lighthouse and the city of Ulsan through a series of 3D video clips. New Year’s celebrations also include a wide array of events such as fireworks, eating tteokguk (an important New Year’s tradition), and a diverse range of performances.

Maryangpo Sunrise Festival

When: New Years Eve/Day 
Where: Maryang Port, Maryang-ri, Seo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do Province 
Why spend New Year’s Eve in a bar when you can spend it at this beautiful beach on Korea’s west coast! One of the few places that offers a stunning view of both the sunset and the sunrise, this sunrise festival venue has it all: a great location and lots of celebratory events such as a local specialty market and seaside bonfires.

Homigot Haemaji (Sunrise Greeting) Festival

When: New Years Eve/Day
Where: Homigot Sunrise Plaza, Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province
Catch the first sunrise of 2011 on the dawn of New Years Day at the Homigot National Sunrise Plaza, located on Homigot Beach. This is the first beach in Korea to catch the rays of the sunrise and is one of the most famous places to gather on New Years. Say goodbye to 2010 while watching performances and fireworks and welcome in the New Year with a steaming bowl of Tteokguk, a Korean New Year’s Day tradition.

Seongsan Sunrise Festival

When: New Years Eve/Day
Where: Ilchulbong Peak area, Seogwipo-si, Jeju Island 
Join the countdown and welcome in the New Year at Jeju’s premier sunrise attraction, Seongsan Ilchulbong Peak (also known as “Sunrise Peak”). Fishermen from every port will turn on their boat lights and blow their whistles in unison to mark the occasion. With the port town down below and a view of the sun coming up over the ocean, it is truly a spectacular sight to see.

Jeongdongjin Sunrise Festival

When: New Years Eve/Day
Where: Hourglass Park District, Jeongdongjin Beach, Gangneung, Gangwon-do Province 
Get off of the train in Jeongdongjin and walk only a few meters to the beautiful beach and its large hourglass. The beach’s hourglass is so big that it takes one full year for the sand in the top to fall to the bottom. At 12am on New Year’s Eve, the last grains trickle down and the hourglass is turned over once again as part of a grand ceremony, kicking off the brand-new year.

Gyeongpo Sunrise Festival

When: New Years Eve/Day
Where: Gyeongpo Beach, Jeo-dong, Gangneung, Gangwon-do Province
Gyeongpo Beach is one of the biggest beaches on the east coast and is well-known for its beauty, which shows itself in a different light throughout the year. On New Year’s Day, people gather in a huge celebration of the New Year, watching fireworks and participating in an array of programs.

Yangyang New Year Sunrise Festival

When: New Years Eve/Day
Where: Naksan Beach, Hangyeryeong Peak, Hajodae Beach, Gangwon-do Province 
Legend has it that any wish made from atop Naksan mountain during the first sunrise of the year is sure to come true! Head to Yangyang to make your wish in the mountains before coming back down to the beach to join in festivities.

For more information about Winter Festival in Korea you can visit http://english.visitkorea.or.kr/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?cid=867902 or KTO’s main page http://visitkorea.or.kr

About the Author

We will go travelling to Korea this December. Please suggest where to buy winter wear etc in Singapore?

This is the first time travelling during winter time. So need advice where to get good offer for thermal long john, coat, gloves, hat etc.

At John Little and Robinson’s.

100% Lamb wool sweater and a good long coat. Babour coats are good too (a bit pricey but if you travel a lot that is good).

Remember to wear Jeans, tights, thick socks, gloves (knitted and leather) and good quality boots…. all these help too. Bring a themal flask so that you can put some hot drinks too.

Personally, if you don’t travel much in winter, try to borrow the coats. (Don’t take too many, a long and a short coat if possible.)

A good wind breaker is importance too. HAPPY HOLIDAYS.

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Samsung Korea Research Institute of macroeconomic Research Department

Samsung Korea Research Institute of macroeconomic Research Department in charge of the exchange rate of Kim Yong-shuttle told the reporter, the exchange rate appreciation on Korea export has many negative effects, the Korea economic dependence on the export of relatively large, fare of appreciation on export industry. Samsung Economic Research Institute’s report shows that if the exchange rate rose to KRW dollar 1050 won, Korea 91 main export enterprise revenue will reduce 5.9 trillion won. Won the recent dollar. 8 month won against the US dollar is 1200, has recently fallen to 1120, while other countries have declined, but the data Louis Vuitton is higher than that of other countries, the decline is very large. Kim Yong-Shuttle, the main reason for this is the effect of global exchange rate disputes, particularly in the US exchange rate disputes. In addition, the dollar dropped also affects the level of liquidity supply.

But prof international economic and Trade Department director Wang Yue Sheng believes that the current margin of appreciation of the Korean won and not too high, it is precisely for this reason, the Government of Japan Korea does not like the Government intervene directly. “Won in the financial crisis was once appreciation to 1000 following the devaluation of the subsequent economic crisis to 1800, slowly and appreciation, 1200, 1300, and before the financial crisis, dollar rate than is not very high. But on the other hand, the Chanel Bags appreciation of the yen from 110 to 80. If you also have the same 20% in Japanese yen or 30% of the level of appreciation, Korea Government performance may not be the same. Vincent wrist believes that if won appreciation, for domestic consumption and economic investment is a good thing, but for export, it is bad news. In short, short term won appreciation increased GDP growth slowdown in Korea. “Fare revalue helps limit the inflationary pressures, particularly in commodity prices remain high, thus contributing to reduce the need for monetary tightening.

Official release in the contend. Korea has a flexible system, but there is evidence that the Government or have interference exchange market. Korea Ministry of Finance of the aforementioned officials planning in an interview that Korea take a floating exchange rate system, the exchange rate determined by the market to reflect economic fundamentals and market supply and demand. If the exchange rate does not appear too high or too low, the Government will not intervene. “Korea Government will not intervene in the foreign exchange rate, exchange rate policy in Korea has always been a free adjustment policies, the Government will not be for export to pare, unless there are special circumstances, such as the financial crisis. “The Korea officials said.

He explained that the present case cannot be said to be the financial crisis, but there are two cases where the Government will hand the interference. “If a forex speculation, or the domestic foreign exchange alarmed, government authorities will need to maintain a stable operation of the market. “But he added:” but the Government’s intervention is Replica handbags limited to resist the chaos, the activity of the balance too. Kim Yong shuttle said that Korea’s financial market very open, very free exchange rate policy, the Government does not directly intervene in the foreign exchange market, it is because of this, that won the exchange rate compared with other countries have a greater appreciation of the range.

“As a floating exchange rate of the country, Korea naturally not possible to admit that he interfered in exchange rate, but in fact not true. “Korea certain people in the industry told reporters. 2004 Choi Jung-Kyung step down events make Korea government intervention in the case of foreign exchange. Before October 2004, the Government of Korea to the exchange rate market strong interference to prevent won appreciation, then won dollar remain at 1140 this resistance area. However, in the annual Government checks, Korea National Assembly condemns the Ministry of finance, says its responsible Exchange stabilization Fund was not deliverable forward market Louis Vuitton Bags intervention in the foreign exchange market resulted in huge losses. Choi Jung-Kyung, the Minister responsible for exchange rate intervention by officials also resign. With the end of the exchange rate intervention, from 22 October 2004, won-dollar fell below 1140 mark, and the rapid appreciation of the end of that year to 1035.

Korea’s central Bank, the official foreign reserves since this year, the month of September a new official foreign exchange reserves billion, reaching 2891 million historical high, not including the strategy of the Ministry of finance managers of Korea Exchange balanced fund a part of the official foreign exchange reserves to Korea Investment Corporation of the US dollar. The view was expressed that the foreign exchange reserve growth is likely to be the official foreign exchange market intervention. Nomura Securities that Korea’s Central bank is likely in September, the forward foreign exchange market intervention and intervention rates in the forward contract expires will not appear in official reserves data.

About the Author

Samsung Korea Research Institute of macroeconomic Research Department

Why is North Korea so worthless?

As you probably know (front page of Yahoo), Laura Ling and Euna Lee were sentenced to 12 years in a labor camp.

There is a psychological condition (folie a deux when only two people are involved) which involves a group of people listening only to each other, ending up with a belief system which has no, or very little, contact with the real world. Certain religious cults operate like this.

In the case of the ruling class of a place like N. Korea they have become involved in just such a closed circle, as well as being theory-driven to the point where they do not recognise contrary facts. They will, as a matter of course, control their people’s access to information in order to secure agreement and compliance.

It is not a new phenomenon. Ordinary people in the USSR were incredulous when shown films where the workers were well-dressed, drove cars etc. They had been convinced that we were starving. More startlingly, some government officials who had actually been in W. Europe still seemed sincere when they maintained that story. Orwell had a word for this: doublethink – the ability to believe, simultaneously, two inconsistent propositions.

Briefly, the answer is a psychological contortion which puts the victim out of reach of the facts.

The big influence made by the West has undeniable and bold proof to the East. The once Hakama wearing Japanese men have diverged their fashion sensibility into a more western looking approach. The once bangnyeongkit shimui-shimui wearing Korean Men are on the search for fashionable western-inspired wears with the use of the internet or the so called “online shopping, making Koreans as the biggest number of online shoppers.

The widespread of western clothing is comparable to a disease which needs appropriate cure, a cure which suggest indulgent. Should you visit Asian cities like Singapore, Hongkong, Taipei, and even Manila and you will be surprised how Asia has absorbed the influence of the Western custom.

Tokyo in particular is akin to any European countries where you can see every man in formal suits every day. Advantages are more likely to be seen than of its disadvantages, at first, western clothing can be used in different occasions. Can you imagine yourself wearing Kimono while typing on your computer’s keyboard for your report?

Ease and Comfort, these are the main reasons why should you take suits more over your kimonos especially when it’s an office scenario.

Taking western clothing does not mean that you are not patriotic and does not love your country, sometimes acclimatization should be done not because you do not like what your culture has given you but its bare simple that you want to make everything easy as possible.

In Asia department stores are fully flooded with nothing but western clothing, not only that even wholesale clothing shops regardless whether it is in the conventional form or online selling; it is a rare thing to find stores selling traditional clothing, but it does not mean anything neither it shows how Asia’s mentality is very western looking, it only mean that Asia is very open with western idealism.

Shauna Cortez a graduate BS Entrepreneur and graduate of Sales and Management in Manchester, England. also a member of English Society of Entrepreneur (ESE), and served for 2 years and now manages a Wholesale Clothing franchise at Liverpool England and San Diego California USA.

Korean Fashion + Fob Style 스타일 ^^ Part 2

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Fashion 70’s : Original Soundtrack (O.S.T.) from (SBS) Korean TV Drama Series [Repackage] [Warner Music Korea 2005] $15.98 17 Tracks CD / Original Soundtrack (O.S.T.) from (SBS) Korean TV Drama Series “Fashion 70’s” / Repackage / Manufactured and Distributed by Warner Music Korea. Made in Korea. 2005.05….

Fashion 70s:Original Soundtrack (OST) (SBS TV Series) [Repackage] [Korea CD] [Warner Music Korea 2005] 17 Tracks: KOREA CD / Repackage / Original Soundtrack / Manufactured and Distributed by Warner Music Korea 2005. / Track List : 01. Main Title – Fly To The Sky 02. Memories 1950 03. Ecstasy chest ache – Fly To The Sky 04. Love and emotion 05. You do not know – Bobby Kim (Bobby Kim) 06. Stack Theme 07. The year the piano 08. Shadow – ???? 09. Heart ache – Brian – Fly To The Sky 10. Sorrow 11. D…

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